few quotes to add to an earlier post on the Middle Ages, which, I think, contrast nicely with one another even if each does not specifically address the medieval.
Brian Stock, Listening for the Text: On the Uses of the Past (1996):
The Renaissance invented the Middle Ages in order to define itself; the Enlightenment perpetuated them in order to admire itself; and the Romantics revived them in order to escape from themselves. In their widest ramifications “the Middle Ages” thus constitute one of the most prevalent cultural myths of the modern world.
Jürgen Habermas, “Modernity: An Unfinished Project” (1980):
…people also considered themselves as ‘modern’ in the age of Charlemagne, in the twelfth century, and in the Enlightenment – in short whenever the consciousness of a new era developed in Europe through a renewed relationship to classical antiquity.